Sunday, April 17, 2022

Ashta Pahud ….07

 

The sufferings of taking births in wombs are described next:

Gatha 39. O Muni ! In the impure stomach occupied with bile, intestines, urine, spleen, liver, blood, phlegm and bacteria, you have stayed infinite times for  9-10 months each.

Moreover:

Gatha 40. O Jiva! In your mother’s womb you stayed consuming the food chewed with her teeth mixed with phlegm etc. staying there.

In this manner you consumed food already eaten by her.

Then after birth, you spent your childhood in this manner:

Gatha 41. O Muni! In your ignorance in the childhood you have wallowed in impure places and for the same reason you have consumed impure substances several times.

Here the address is to the Muni who has external conduct. He is being told that although you have adopted Dravya Ling but it is meaningless without Bhava Ling hence concentrate upon attaining the same.

The form of body is described:

Gatha 42. O Muni! Consider this body to be  of the form of a pot which is occupied with flesh, bones, blood, veerya, bile, intestines etc. stinking like a dead body accompanied with mucus, fat, faeces etc. foul  substances.

Although the Jiva is pure having pure knowledge nature, the body is so unworthy of him.

Those who have discarded the family are not free, those who have discarded the bhavas only are free:

Gatha 43. The Muni who is free from raga etc. form bhavas, he alone is free. The one who is free from external family, relatives etc. alone is not called free. Considering this O patient Muni! You renunciate the internal attachment form ragas.

You separated from family and friends and became Nirgranth, but if internal oneness and raga-dwesha bhavas are not destroyed then you are still not Nirgranth. The internal desires have to be relinquished to become Nirgranth. Therefore be Bhava Muni by relinquishing internal passions.

Those who were Munis earlier, they did not attain objective without purity of Bhava. To begin with the story of Bahubali is narrated:

Gatha 44. O patient Muni! Bahubali Swamy who had renounced the attachment with respect to body etc., spent considerable period engaged in Kayotsarga(standing posture)  Dhyan but remained corrupt minded on account of pride passion, hence he did not attain salvation. Only when corruption of passions were   overcome then only he attained Keval Gyan.

The well known story of BahuBali is recalled wherein he became Nirgranth Muni after defeating his brother Bharat in war. However he had a mental thorn in the mind that he is standing on the land belonging to Bharat hence he could not attain salvation due to this passion. Later when passion was destroyed then he attained Keval Gyan. The message is that without purity of Bhavas even great people cannot attain salvation.

The story of Madhu Pingal is recounted:

Gatha 45. O Muni worthy of being offered obeisance by Bhavya Jivas!  Madhu Pingal Muni who has renounced food and body etc. could not attain Shraman-hood (Bhava Muni-hood) only due to indulgence in Nidaan (desire of future).

Madhu Pingal became Muni when he could not marry due to a conspiracy carried out by King Sagar. Later on realising the fraud he desired to take revenge from Sagar in anger in the form of fruition of his Tapa. He became Asur in next birth and earned considerable Pap. Therefore Acharya says that in spite of being Muni if Bhavas are corrupted then one does not attain objective.

Next the story of Vashishta Muni is recounted:

Gatha 46. Further a Vashishtha named Muni suffered a great deal on account of flaw of Nidaan ( desire of future). O Jiva! There is no place in this Lok where you have not traversed taking birth and dying.

Vashishta Muni was born as son to King Ugrasen as Kans due to a Niddan undertaken by Muni on non receipt of food on three consecutive occasions. In turn he put his parents to prison and was ultimately killed by Krishna Narayan. Thus due to Nidaan he did not meet his objective. Therefore Bhava Ling only provides  salvation.

Without Bhava one wanders in 84 Lakh Yonis:

Gatha 47. O Muni! In this world , out of 84 lakh Yoni places there is no place where you have not transmigrated as Dravya Lingi Muni without the experience of own soul bhavas.

The divisions of 84 Lakh yonis are as follows: Earth, water, air, fire, Nitya Nigod, Itar Nigod they each have 7 lakh yoni forms thus a total of 42 Lakhs. Vegetables have 10 lakhs. 2-4 senses each have 2 Lakhs each. Panchandriya Tiryanch have 4 Lakhs. Deva, Naraki, have 4 Lakhs each and Manushya have 14 Lakh Yoni places of birth. Thus overall 84 lakh yoni places exist in which one keeps wandering.

Dravya Ling is not counted. Only Bhava Ling counts:

Gatha 48. With Bhava Ling only Muni becomes Jina Lingi. With Dravya Ling alone he cannot become Jina Lingi. Hence adopt Bhava Ling only since with Dravya Ling alone one cannot realise  the objective of salvation .

Without Bhava Ling, the Dravya Ling is merely a deception. It does not serve anything.

Another story is told where Dravya Ling is the cause for disorder:

Gatha 49. Bahu Muni holder of Jina Ling, on account of the flaw of internal passions, caused entire Dandaknagar to be burnt and took birth in 7th Narak Bhoomi in Raurava bill as Naraki.

Out of anger Bahu Muni destroyed a king and his kingdom with ashubha Taijas Samudghat. The king as well as the Muni both landed in 7th hell. Hence Bhava Ling is only paramount.

The example of Deepayan Muni is recounted:

Gatha 50. Another Deepayan named Dravya Lingi Muni corrupted from samyak darshan- Samyak Gyan and Samyak-charitra continued  in the eternal world.

Out of anger Deepayan Muni caused the Dwarika city to be burned to destruction with Taijas Samudghat. Therefore he became wanderer in the infinite world without purity of Bhava.

Those who attained purity of Bhava they attained the objective:

Gatha 51. Patient and brave Muni Shivakumar, holder of Bhava Ling, in spite of being lured by several young women, remained follower  of pure Bramhacharya and became renouncer of the world i.e. became Nikat Bhavya ( one to attain Moksha Shortly).

Shiva Kumar Muni practiced tapa for 12 years with complete celibacy and later was born as Jambu Kumar who became the last of Kevali in current Avasarpini in Bharat Kshetra.

The example of AbhavyaSen is quoted who in spite of reading scriptures, could not attain purity of bhavas:

Gatha 52. One Dravya Lingi Muni with name AbhavyaSen studied eleven Angs as described by Kevali Bhagwan which is said to be entire ShrutaGyan but still he could not attain Bhava form Shraman state.

Only studying scriptures does not provide salvation. In spite of reading he does not attain self realisation and therefore could not attain Bhava Ling.

On the other hand Shiva Bhuti Muni without studying scriptures could realise himself just by repeating ‘Tush Mash’ words:

Gatha 53. Shiva Bhuti Muni had not studied scriptures but by repeating ‘Tush Mash’ these words, with purity of manifestations and purity of Bhavas, he attained Keval Gyan. This is well known.

Actually the Guru had taught him to give up raga-dwesha but he remembered those words as ‘Tush Mash’. Then on observing some woman separating Tush (skin) from Mash ( lentil) he realised that his soul is different from the body and thus with Bhava Ling he attained Keval Gyan.

The same is explained in general form here:

Gatha 54. With Bhava only the Nirgranth (naked) form is meaningful. With external naked form alone  one cannot attain Moksha etc., since the conglomeration of karmas get destroyed with Dravya Ling along with Bhava only. 

The destruction of Karmas is Nirjara which leads to Moksha. However this cannot be attained with Dravya Ling alone. Only along with Bhava when Dravya Ling is practiced then Nirjara is attained. Therefore message is to adopt Dravya Ling with Bhava Ling.

Same meaning is strengthened further:

Gatha 55. Nakedness is meaningless without Bhava , this has been told by Jina Bhagwan. Knowing this O patient Muni! Contemplate always of the nature of the soul.

Without the spirit of the soul, the nakedness does not serve any  purpose. Only with the spirit of consciousness blissful soul, the nakedness serves the objective.

The disciple enquires the form of Bhava Ling which is narrated next:

Gatha 56. The one who is without possessions of body etc. and free from passions of pride etc. in all the ways and whose soul is immersed within the soul, that is Bhava Lingi Sadhu.

The natural manifestation of soul is termed as Bhava. Activities in accordance with it are termed as Bhava Ling. Soul is non corporeal consciousness form manifesting in darshan-gyan form. Therefore with external attire  devoid of body etc. possessions while internal attire is free of raga-dwesha form bhavas, immersing self in darshan-gyan form consciousness is Bhava Ling.

It is further elucidated :

Gatha 57. Bhava Lingi Muni contemplates that I renunciate the spirit of oneness with  others  and soul alone is my recourse. Thus I renounce the raga-dwesha etc. form manifestations different from the soul.

Discarding all relationship with other dravyas, remaining within own soul substance is Bhava Ling.

Bhava Lingi Muni experiences the oneness of self with gyan, darshan, sanyam, tyag, samvar and yoga:

Gatha 58. Bhava Lingi Muni contemplates that definitely my knowledge is soul, my darshan and charitra is also soul. My Pratyakhyan ( renunciation of future blemishes) is soul and Samvar and Dhyan also are soul.

Soul is not different from gyan, darshan, charitra, pratyakhyan etc. Remaining in self without manifesting in the form of other dravya alone is Dhyan.

The same is elaborated further:

Gatha 59. The Bhava Lingi Muni contemplates that my soul is one, permanent having characteristics of Gyan Darshan. All Raga-Dwesha bhavas are external, acquired due to influence of other dravyas.

Soul is permanent of the form of Gyan-Darshan while all other dravyas are external and are incidental.

Those who desire Moksha should contemplate thus: 

Gatha 60. O Bhavya Jivas! If you desire to relinquish this four gati transmigration form world and attain indestructible bliss form Moksha then contemplate of the pious and corruption free soul by means of pure Bhavas.

To attain salvation from the world contemplate of the pure soul free of dravya karma, bhava karma and no karmas.

Those who contemplate of soul knowing its nature, they attain Moksha:

Gatha 61. The Bhavya Jiva who contemplates of the nature of soul by means of pure bhavas, he destroys the flaws of old age, death etc. and attains Nirvana state definitely.

People don’t really know the nature of Jiva and due to spread of different faiths, it has become obliterated. Those who realise true nature of Jiva and contemplate accordingly, they attain Moksha.

The form of Jiva has been declared by Omniscient:

Gatha 62. Jiva is of the nature of knowledge and consciousness , this has been told by Jina Bhagwan. Knowledge of  soul with such nature only can be nimitta  for destruction of karmas.

Charvaks do not believe Jiva to be consciousness form hence they are refuted here. Samkhya believe knowledge as attribute of Prakriti with Jiva being detached conscious form. That also is refuted here. The Naiyayiks believe the qualities to be different from their owner as a separate entity which too is negated here. Realising the true nature of Jiva is nimitta for destruction of karmas and all other beliefs are Mithyatva.

Those who believe the existence of Jiva only can attain Siddha-hood: 

Gatha 63. Those Bhavya Jivas who believe the nature of soul to be existent form and never non existent form; they attain Siddha-hood which is different from body and indescribable with words.

Jiva is of the form of Dravya-Paryaya, which is  existent from certain aspect and non existent from another aspect. The Paryaya is transitory and with the nimitta of karmas the Jiva manifests into paryaya forms of Manushya, Tiryanch, Deva and Naraki. Observing their absence at some stage, it is believed that Jiva is totally absent. Those people are addressed here that Jiva is permanent from aspect of Dravya. In spite of absence of paryaya, Jiva is not absent. Those who believe the destruction of body as destruction of Jiva totally, they are Mithyadrishti and cannot become Siddha.

Further it is told that the form of Jiva is indescribable with words and can only be experienced:

Gatha 64. O Bhavya Jiva! Know the nature of the Jiva to be devoid of taste, touch, colour and smell which cannot be known by senses, which has consciousness quality and free of shape, Ling and sound.

This is the famous gatha which is present in Samaysar (49), Pravachansar(172), Niyamsar (46), Panchastikaya (127) and elsewhere also, which has been commented upon in different ways. The touch, taste, smell, sound are qualities of pudgala and Jiva is devoid of them. Further Jiva is not detectable by senses , nor is there any characteristics which can be detected by senses. Further Jiva does not have any defined shape. He is only consciousness form.

The nature of Jiva is said to be knowledge form. How many types of Knowledges is told next:  

Gatha 65. O Bhavya Jiva! With the spirit of the soul, contemplate of five types of knowledges immediately which are capable of destroying ignorance, due to which Jiva becomes eligible for pleasures of Swarga and Moksha.

Although from aspect of knowing the knowledge is one only,  even then from aspect of destruction cum subsidence of karmas, it is said to be of five types. From aspect of Mithyatva bhava, there are three types of Mithya Gyan also. The Samyak Gyan are Mati, Shruta, Awadhi, Manah Paryaya and Keval Gyan. This spirit of knowledge provides for swarga and Moksha.

Just reading and listening is not useful without Bhava:

Gatha 66. What purpose is served by reading and listening to Gyan without Bhava; i.e. no purpose of the form of Swarga or Moksha is served. Hence the reason for Shravak-hood and Muni-hood is bhava only.

Without Bhava all activities are meaningless. After listening and reading if one experiences self to be of the form of knowledge then only it is considered to be Bhava. With such Bhava only the objective is attained.

If external nakedness alone provides accomplishment then everyone is naked only:

Gatha 67. From the aspect of dravya all Jivas are naked externally. Naraki, Tiryanch and groups of Manushya etc. are generally naked. However due to impure manifestations, they do not attain Bhava Muni-hood/ Bhava-Ling.

Nakedness cannot  be a criterion for Muni Ling. The Muni-hood is attained with purity of bhava only.

The nakedness alone is fruitless:

Gatha 68. Without the spirit of Jina Bhagwan, the naked Jiva suffers for a long time. He transmigrates into the worldly ocean but still does not attain jewel-trio.

Without spirit of Samyak Darshan, Jiva cannot proceed on Moksha Marg in spite of remaining naked. The happiness is attained only by Bhava Munis with nakedness.

Those who call themselves Muni just by physical nakedness attain disrepute:

Gatha 69. O Muni! What purpose can be served with such nakedness and Muni-hood; which brings infamy, which is corrupted with pap, which leads others to criticize, which is made fun of and results in jealousy, deceit etc. forms of corruptions?

Such naked form is corrupted with Pap and attracts notoriety which is made fun of by everyone.  Only Bhava Ling is meaningful.

Hence it is preached to embrace Bhava Ling only:

Gatha 70. O Atman! Reveal your Jina-Ling (naked form) by attaining absolute purity from corruptions of internal  bhavas. Since with the corruption of internal bhavas, the  Jiva gets corrupted with external possessions.

Without purity of Bhavas, external attire is meaningless. Only when purity of bhavas has been attained then the dravya ling can be adopted without failure.

The naked muni without Bhava is subject of laughter:

Gatha 71. Where the Jiva is not residing within his own dharma i.e. his own nature of the form of ten characteristics , that Jiva is house of impurities and is like a flower of sugarcane which neither gives fruit nor smell. Therefore such Muni in naked form is like a dancing clown only.

The one who does not have the spirit of dharma, he is corrupted with anger etc. Even by adopting Digamber state, he remains useless like flower of sugarcane. He looks more like a clown who generates laughter.

Dravya Lingi cannot attain Bodhi nor Samadhi:

Gatha 72. Those Munis who are accompanied with possessions of the form of raga bhavas and adopt the Nirgranth form (naked form) devoid of spirit of the soul, they do not attain jewel-trio and dhyan as described in pious Jina Marg.

Bodhi implies the jewel trio form Marg and Samadhi means Dharma/Shukla Dhyan. With presence of internal raga the Dravya Lingi cannot attain both.

Continued….

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