Sunday, December 24, 2023

Seventeen Questions…09

 (7) Uncertain time of fruiton of karmas-

The above described Praman supports Aniyat paryaya. Phoolchand ji writes – undergoing 33 sagar of ayu in Narak, on account of intensity of ashubha nimittas there, the Shubha karmas existent within the entity keep manifesting in ashubha form. Opposite to  it, in Deva Gati the ashubha karmas keep manifesting in Shubha form.

Upon completion of sthiti of Nidhatti and Nikachit karmas, if the Dravya, kshetra, kaal are not available favourable for their fruition, then upon fruition they also become forced to  give result in different category form nature rather than their own nature form.

In this way the fruition of karma is not Niyat but Aniyat.

Pragbhava of pot, pan etc. are present in the mud. Now if the Dravya, kshetra, kaal and bhava are available favourable to the generation of pot, then the destruction of Pragbhava would be of a certain type and if the Dravya, kshetra, kaal and bhava are favourable to the generation of pan then the destruction of pragbhava would be of a different type.

Your statement that “ it does not imply that if Upadan is present and if Nimitta is not present, then deed would not be accomplished – deriving such meaning is not appropriate” - it is not as per the intent of Agam.

The intent of Agam is that any swa-para-pratyaya deed is carried out with conjunction of both Upadan and nimitta causes. Its meaning is that Upadan manifests in deed form and Nimitta assists in the deed form manifestation of Upadan. The intent of Agam is this also that within Upadan, similar to Swa-Pratyaya deed, the Swa-para-pratyaya deed also keeps manifesting at every samaya. The reason is that the nature of Upadan of manifesting is established by nature and there is no obstruction to availability of yoga of nimittas at every samaya in the Agam. In the deed form manifestation of Upadan, the extraordinary nature observed by the Lok is contributed by the nimitta towards the Upadan only. In the manifestation of soul, anger etc. form attitude would be produced with the presence of anger karma as nimitta  only.

Any manifestation of any substance does not happen outside the predefined nature of that substance. Either it shall be Swa-pratyaya or it would be swa-para-pratyaya. Swa-pratyaya would be generated at every moment in sequential order. But your assertion that the manifestation of swa-para-pratyaya of the substance also occurs in predefined order is against declaration of Agam which says that its can be in niyat (predefined) order as well as Aniyat (undefined) order. This is so since the availability of Nimittas is not predefined – it occurs in two ways – one is Visrasa ( suddenly or naturally) and second Prayogik ( with efforts of person). The conjunction of both types of nimittas is observed in predefined as well as undefined order.

In the absence of nimitta the deed gets stopped, just as motor does not move without using Petrol.

Beyond the Lokakash due to absence of Dharmastikaya nimitta, the upward movement of liberated souls does not occur.

Taking shelter of omniscience, if someone attempts to be free of purushartha in accumulating the suitable means for generation of deeds, then surely he becomes Mithya Drishti.

Keep faith towards the Omniscient and have belief in his knowledge and sermons also but motivate yourself to accomplish your own deeds from him. Try to improve your this lok and next lok and attempt to attain Moksha.

This is definite that purushartha of every person keeps occurring in accordance with his Sankalpa (resolution) and activities. That would not be stopped till he attains knower and seer state. Therefore he should accumulate the internal and external means for accomplishing favourable results for self.

Just because every jiva starts believing self to be knower-seer, then just by that alone can he become knower-seer? It is true that being knower-seer alone is his nature. The jivas have been preached to carry out purushartha so that they could attain knower-seer state. For this the right means is identifying the external and internal means favourable for the same, adopting them and they alone be preached to the human beings.

The pervasiveness of Updan and nimitta described by you is wrong. It is not that the moment the deed has to be accomplished, at that moment the suitable nimittas would be available accordingly only. But it is this way – If Updan convolves with favourable  nimitta then deed shall be performed and if nimitta convolves with favourable Upadan then also the deed shall be accomplished.

The regulator of the deed is not just its previous paryaya alone, but the nimitta materials which are present at that moment along with it are also regulators. Further the absence of obstructing causes also would be regulators.

We wish to clarify that a specific substance manifesting in the form of paryaya a moment a priori to the deed does not have only a specific eligibility alone, but in that substance at that moment also several eligibilities are ready for manifesting in the deed form in next moment. Only that eligibility would manifest in deed form for which the suitable favourable materials are completely existent and the obstructive causes are absent. 

Your statement is incorrect that “ if the arrangement of deed were dependent upon nimitta then the assertion that Dravya has nature of Utpad-vyaya-dhrovya would not have been possible.” This is also not correct that “ is it so that some Dravya did not find suitable nimitta at some time and therefore it did not carry out its deed at that samaya”.

The meaning of Upadan is that the substance which accepts or carries out manifestation. The meaning of nimitta is the friendly substance which assists the manifesting substance like oil in manifestation.

You have quoted the verse of Pandit Banarasidas –

‘ Nature of substance, fruition of past (nimitta), Nishchaya (Upadan), purushartha (effort) and kaal – these five are reasons. In association of them the deed gets accomplished. Taking sides with anyone alone is Mithyatva and accepting the deed in coexistence of all is Moksha Marg’.

Further you say that – ‘ In Gommatsar karma kand kaal, Ishwara (nimitta), Atma (soul), Niyati (destiny) and swabhava(nature) , these five ekants have been described with  the same objective.

If both of them are joined together then in your view it would be as follows-

In this if your purport with soul is purushartha and Niyati is Upadan then both can be combined in equal form as follows-

Gommatsar Karma kand                                      Pandit Banarsidasji’s verse

Kaal                                                                         Kaal

Ishwara ( Nimitta)                                                   Nimitta (fruition of past)

Atma                                                                        Purushartha ( effort)

Niyati                                                                       Upadan ( Nishchaya)

Swabhava                                                                 Swabhava

However when you believe the Siddhant that “ all paryayas manifesting in dravyas occur in predefined order only” or “ all the events transpire upon attainment of swa-kaal only” then what is the necessity of conjunction of these five for production of event in your view? If conjunction is essential then ‘ all the paryayas occur in predefined order only’ or ‘ all events occur upon attainment of swa-kaal’ - these beliefs do not have any validity.

You have not clarified that these you believe to be Upacharita reasons or Anupacharita reasons. In their context what is the view from aspects of Nishchaya and Vyavahara naya, kindly clarify.

You have stated that “ every deed of every Dravya is predefined from aspect of conjunction of the above described five and does not happen in uncertain order- accepting such Anekant only is Moksha Marg.”

The definition of Anekant given by you is wrong. As per samaysar in one substance alone, the highlighting of opposing dual capabilities defining its Vastutva alone has been accepted as Anekant, then how shall it be implemented?

The implication is that Vidhi (yes) and Nishedh (No) form two opposing dharmas have been accepted for  the substance. You please tell us that in five samavayas ( togetherness) which two opposing dharmas are existent in the substance of the form of ‘ occurs in predefined order’ and ‘does not occur in uncertain order’.

Here only one dharma is established to be existent in the substance, then how can it have Anekant-ness?

In Gommatsar karma kand the meaning of Ishwara as nimitta and in Pandit Banarasidasji’s past fruition as nimitta has been construed on which basis?

In Gommatsar this view has not been there that those believing production of deed by means of Ishwara etc. one each are Mithya Drishti and those believing the deed upon conjunction of all these are Samyak Drishti.

This statement is merely that which ParaSamayaVadi believes in production of deed upon which basis.  

5.3. Answer :  

1. Rival group accepts happening of each deed in their swa-kaal-

The rival group  has accepted based upon the Pramans of 5 Agams that ‘ every deed occurs in swa-kaal only’ their words are as follows-

We accept that Jinendra deva knows the time of generation of each event by means of Keval Gyan. The reason is that Keval Gyan has been accepted to have capability of knowing all the paryayas pertaining to all the three periods of time of all the substances of the world simultaneously by Jain Sanskriti. On the same basis we also believe that the production of every event occurs at the same time which is being reflected in the knowledge of Keval Gyani jiva as the time of its occurrence.

2. Keval Gyan is knower but not instigator –

Further they have this indicated that – “ But the generation of any event does not occur at any specific kaal on the basis  that it is  being reflected in the knowledge of the omniscient; since the task of omniscience is merely to know the state of the substance at any specific time but the occurrence of that event is not the task of omniscience. “

So this statement being in accordance with the tradition of Agam, is acceptable but we would like to add- “ just as Keval Gyan knows the event occurring at any specific time, as it is, in the same way it also knows the causal agencies for the same.

3. Samavaya of five is acceptable in Karak Sakalya –

We have not stated that the cause of event generation is only swakaal since it is not so. Generation of each event occurs at its own swakaal by the influence of its own karak sakalya (conjunction of predicates). Thus it should be understood. Just as Upadan-nimitta agencies have been accepted in the event generation , in the same way the swakaal is also given importance of being indispensable part of the same agency.

Jain Tattva Mimamsa – It is general rule that for the generation of any event these five causal agencies occur as a rule- Swabhava, purushartha, kaal, Niyati and karma ( state of other substance). Here swabhava implies own capability of Dravya or Nitya Upadan , purushartha implies its power-veerya, kaal implies its own swakaal, Niyati implies capable Upadan or primacy of Nishchaya and karma implies nimitta.

In Gommatsar karma kand five types of Ekantvadies are described. Its purport is this much only that the one who accepts any one to be the cause of event , he is Mithya Drishti and the one who accepts the conjunction of all five for the generation of event, he is Samyak Drishti.

In Ashta Sahastri also it is written that- in accordance with the Bhavitavyata (destiny) of a jiva, his intellect also functions the same way. He makes efforts in accordance with the same and he gets support also accordingly.

What is Bhavitavyata ? The capable Upadan shakti of jiva only is called as Bhavitavyata. The one which is eligible to happen is called as Bhavitavya and its bhava is called Bhavitavyata. The one which we describe as capability , it is named as Bhavitavyata otherwise. The capable Upadan shakti of Dravya is capable of being manifested into event form , hence capable Upadan shakti, bhavitavyata and eligibility – all three denote the same meaning.

We do not accept at any time that just by swakaal alone the event gets generated.

4. The real meaning of Alanghya Shakti-

 The real meaning of the term ‘Alanghya Shakti’ as per Bhatta Akalank Deo is that  in accordance with Bhavitavyata i.e. in accordance with paryaya shakti equipped Dravya shakti, at that moment, in accordance with that only desire to carry out deed arises. The activities are also in accordance and nimittas also are available accordingly. The deed is never carried out beyond the capabilities of Dravya nature.

5. In every deed the internal and external commodities  provide  acceptance-

Every moment, in whichever deed is performed, the concurrence  of internal and external materials is a must. In this swakaal, bhavitavyata etc. all get included. The primacy and non primacy of any reason is in description but not in the deed. With respect to the deed which ever reason is applicable, it is necessary for it to be present in that form whether in Upacharita or Anupacharita form. Then only the completeness of internal and external reasons can be considered to be available.

With respect to any deed any reason cannot have primacy or non primacy. Just as other nimittas are considered as reasons, in the same way it is right to consider kaal as reason.

Now, here this point has to be considered that if there are any deeds which are produced by only internal (Upadan) reasons; since the rival group has written that those deeds which are produced only by internal reason- Upadan reason only. In them only internal reason is prime. On this subject it is discussed further-

Continued…..

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